ALFONSO°

ALFONSO°
ALFONSO°, name of many Spanish sovereigns. Of special significance in Jewish history were the following: -Kings of Aragon ALFONSO I (1104–34; "the Battler"). After capturing Tudela from the Moors in 1114, he permitted Jews who had fled during the fighting to return to the city. ALFONSO II (1162–96). He employed a number of Jews as stewards or physicians. ALFONSO V (1416–58). In 1414, as infante, he intervened on behalf of the saragossa community, which had been ordered to send a delegation of representatives to the papal court at the time of the disputation of tortosa . Alfonso asked the pope for a postponement until the Jewish leaders could complete their seasonal duties in the community. As king, in 1424, Alfonso confirmed a ban prohibiting the establishment of a Jewish community in Barcelona. -Kings of Castile and Leon Alfonso VI (1072–1109). After the capture of toledo from the Muslims in 1085, Alfonso permitted the Jews to remain in their quarter (judería), and granted residence rights to Jews seeking refuge there. He also appointed Jews to important state posts. Thus, joseph b. ferrizuel (Cidellus), became royal physician. ALFONSO VII (1126–57). Like his father, Alfonso VI, he also appointed Jews to high positions; Judah ibn Ezra was his almoxarife ("collector of revenues") and in 1147 was in charge of calatrava , a stronghold on the Muslim border, where Jewish refugees from the almohad persecutions were welcomed. ALFONSO VIII (1158–1214), had a number of Jewish courtiers. He also settled Jews in frontier garrison towns, with complete autonomy within their fortified quarters. ALFONSO X (1252–84; "the Wise"). He was a patron of scholarship, and several Jewish translators and scientists, such as Isaac ibn Sid (Don Çaf) and Judah b. Moses ha-Kohen, worked under his auspices. Notable among their productions were the Alfonsine Tables Libros del saber de astronomía, one of the important scientific achievements of the reign. The code known as the Siete Partidas was produced under Alfonso's auspices, though not enforced until the following century. While this guaranteed the Jews physical security and rights of worship, it ordered the enforcement under the severest penalties of the conventional restrictions on the Jews, like the wearing of the jewish badge , and authorized judicial prosecution of the Jews for ritual murder (see blood libel ). Toward the end of his reign, Alfonso's attitude to the Jews changed for the worse. In 1279 he had all the Jewish tax-farmers imprisoned. In January 1281, he ordered the wholesale arrest of the Jews while they were attending synagogue on the Sabbath and demanded a ransom of 4,380,000 gold maravedis for their release. ALFONSO XI (1312–50). Although Jewish officials, such as Don Yuçaf (Joseph) de Ecija , attended his court, his policy toward the Jews was often influenced or directed by the church or by anti-Jewish courtiers, such as Gonzalo Martinez de Oviedo. In 1348 Alfonso prohibited moneylending by Jews, but the Cortes revoked the decree in 1351. -BIBLIOGRAPHY: Baer, Spain, index; Neuman, Spain, index; M. Kayserling, Juden in Navarra (1961), index S.V. Alphons; REJ, index to vols. 51–100 (1936); Sefarad, index to vols. 1–15 (1957), 381–2.

Encyclopedia Judaica. 1971.

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  • Alfonso — (Italian and Spanish), Alfons (Catalan and German), Afonso (Portuguese), Affonso (Ancient Portuguese), Alphonse (Italian, French and English), Alphons (Dutch), or Alphonso (English and Filipino) is a masculine name, originally from the Gothic… …   Wikipedia

  • Alfonso — X el Sabio Origen Germano Género …   Wikipedia Español

  • Alfonso — bezeichnet: Alfons, die italienische bzw. spanische Variante dieses Vornamens Alfonso (Cavite), eine Stadtgemeinde in der Provinz Cavite, Philippinen Alfonso (* 1972), spanischer Fußballspieler Alfonso Ribeiro (* 1971), US amerikanischer… …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Alfonso I — (Alfonso Henriques), 1109? 85, first king of Portugal 1139 85. * * * ▪ duke of Ferrara, 1505 34 born July 21, 1476, Ferrara, Duchy of Ferrara died Oct. 31, 1534, Ferrara       duke of Ferrara from 1505, a noted Renaissance prince of the House of… …   Universalium

  • Alfonso I — can refer to: *Afonso I of Portugal, (1094 1195) (Afonso Henriques) *Afonso I Mvemba a Nzinga of Kongo, (1456 1543) the first Christian king of the Kingdom of Kongo and one of the first Black Africans of whom we have written documents in a… …   Wikipedia

  • Alfonso I — puede referise a: Alfonso I, rey de Asturias (739 757). Alfonso I, el Batallador, rey de Aragón y de Navarra (1104 1134). Alfonso I de Mallorca, Nápoles y Sicilia, rey de Aragón, Mallorca, Sicilia y Nápoles (1396 1458). Alfonso I, rey de Portugal …   Wikipedia Español

  • Alfonso I — es el nombre de los siguientes monarcas: ● Alfonso I de Asturias, el Católico (o también Alonso I de Asturias). Rey de Asturias (739 757). ● Alfonso I de Aragón, el Batallador. Rey de Aragón y de Navarra (1104 1134). ● Alfonso V de Aragón fue… …   Enciclopedia Universal

  • Alfonso II — may refer to: *Alfonso II of Asturias (791 842) *Alfonso II of Aragon (1152 1196) *Afonso II of Portugal (1185 1223), the Fat *Alfonso, Count of Poitou (died 1271), jure uxoris Alfonso II, Count of Toulouse *Alfonso II of Naples (1448 1495)… …   Wikipedia

  • Alfonso VI — ha sido el nombre de los siguientes reyes: ● Alfonso VI de Portugal (1643 1667) segundo rey de la Casa de Braganza ● Alfonso VI de Castilla (1065 1109) * * * llamado Alfonso el Valiente (antes de jun. 1040–1109, Toledo, Castilla). Rey de León… …   Enciclopedia Universal

  • Alfonso VI — (Толедо,Испания) Категория отеля: 4 звездочный отель Адрес: General Moscardo, 2, 45001 То …   Каталог отелей

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